Generic Types of Cement Generic Types of Cement: Cements have a variety of properties and features that vary according to their chemical composition. Cement may be made to possess a variety of properties by altering the fineness of the grinding or the oxide composition. Historically, continuous attempts have been made to develop various types of …
Quality Assurance in Concrete Construction Quality Assurance in Concrete Construction: The quality of the concrete in construction is an essential consideration. Concrete is used for everything from foundations to exterior and interior walls, to floors, to counter tops, to many other applications. Quality assurance in concrete construction is a huge part of any project that …
Outlining Various Tests on Concrete Outlining Various Tests on Concrete: Concrete quality tests are conducted as part of the quality management process for concrete buildings. Numerous concrete consistency checks, like compressive strength and slump tests, are applied to ensure the quality of the concrete supplied to meet a specified specification. These tests provide information about the …
Limitations of Schmidt Hammer Test Limitations of Schmidt Hammer Test: While the rebound hammer is an efficient and economical method of testing the uniformity of concrete, it does have significant disadvantages that must be understood. The Schmidt rebound hammer’s findings are influenced by: Smoothness of the Tested Surface The texture of the surface has a major …
Schmidt Hammer Test on Concrete Schmidt Hammer Test on Concrete: In 1948, Ernst Schmidt, a Swiss inventor, invented a test hammer for determining the hardness of concrete using the rebound principle. The hammer was designed and thoroughly tested at the Swiss Federal Materials Testing and Experimental Institute in Zurich as a result of his work. …
Chemical Composition of Portland Cement Chemical Composition of Portland Cement: Cement is mostly composed of lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide as raw materials. At high temperatures, these oxides react with one another to form more complex compounds. Along with the rate of cooling and fineness of grinding, the relative proportions of these oxide compounds …
Use of M Sand for Concrete Use of M Sand for Concrete: Manufactured sand (or referred to as M-Sand) is a concrete building material that can be used in place of conventional (river) sand. By crushing tough granite rocks, manufactured sand is made. The crushed sand is cubical in form with grounded edges that has …
Water Required for Hydration of Cement Water Required for Hydration of Cement: C3S needs 24% water by weight of cement, while C2S requires 21%. Additionally, it has been estimated that approximately 23% of the water in cement by weight is needed for chemical reaction with Portland cement compounds. Since this 23% of water chemically reacts …
Heat of Hydration of Cement Heat of Hydration of Cement: Cement’s reaction with water is exothermic. The reaction generates a significant amount of heat. This heat is referred to as heat of hydration. This is readily apparent when freshly mixed cement is placed in a vacuum flask and the mass’s temperature is monitored at regular …
Components of Modern Concrete In this article “Components of Modern Concrete“, it is useful to define concrete and the principal concrete-making components. The concepts that follow are derived from ASTM C 125 and ACI Committee 116. Concrete is a composite substance composed primarily of a binding agent in which aggregate particles are embedded. The binder …